1/21/2024 0 Comments Definition scleral icterusA 21-year experience with major hemorrhage after percutaneous liver biopsy. McGill DB, Rakela J, Zinsmeister AR, Ott BJ. A prospective study on the value of ultrasound, computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of unjaundiced cholestasis. Pasanen PA, Partanen K, Pikkarainen P, Alhava E, Pirinen A, Janatuinen E. The SGOT/SGPT ratio-an indicator of alcoholic liver disease. Special considerations in interpreting liver function tests. Schramm C, Kanzler S, zum Buschenfelde KH, Galle PR, Lohse AW. Carotenodermia: an erroneous diagnosis of jaundice. Pinto F, Mognol D, Garbelotto G, Dannhauser D, Grava G, Sanzuol F. Diagnosis and therapy of cholestatic liver disease. Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic viral hepatitis. Psychiatric morbidity in patients with alcoholic liver disease. 1997 11(5 pt 1):406-11.Įwusi-Mensah I, Saunders JB, Wodak AD, Murray RM, Williams R. Vulnerability to psychologic distress and depression in patients with end-stage liver disease due to hepatitis C virus. Singh N, Gayowski T, Wagener MM, Marino IR. Vagaries of clinical presentation of pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. Jaundice in older children and adolescents. In a few instances, more invasive procedures such as cholangiography or liver biopsy may be needed to arrive at a diagnosis. If the complete blood count and initial tests for liver function and infectious hepatitis are unrevealing, the work-up typically proceeds to abdominal imaging by ultrasonography or computed tomographic scanning. The laboratory work-up should begin with a urine test for bilirubin, which indicates that conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is present. Gallstone formation is the most common and benign posthepatic process that causes jaundice however, the differential diagnosis also includes serious conditions such as biliary tract infection, pancreatitis, and malignancies. Posthepatic disorders also can cause conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The conjugated (direct) bilirubin level is often elevated by alcohol, infectious hepatitis, drug reactions, and autoimmune disorders. Intrahepatic disorders can lead to unconjugated or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Prehepatic causes of jaundice include hemolysis and hematoma resorption, which lead to elevated levels of unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin. The term scleral icterus is a commonly used medical term to describe jaundice present in the eyes, but this is actually a misnomer. The condition is caused by too much bilirubin, a yellow chemical in hemoglobin (the substance that carries oxygen in your red blood cells). Organizing the differential diagnosis by prehepatic, intrahepatic, and posthepatic causes may help make the work-up more manageable. Jaundice, also called icterus, causes your skin and the whites of your eyes to turn yellow. Jaundice in an adult patient can be caused by a wide variety of benign or life-threatening disorders.
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